Juvenile Incarceration Linked to More Crime

Juvenile Incarceration Linked to More Crime Juvenile offenders who are incarcerated for their crimes are more likely to have significantly worse outcomes in their life than youngsters who commit the same crimes, but receive some other form of punishment and are not incarcerated. A study of 35,000 Chicago juvenile offenders over a 10-year period by economists at the M.I.T. Sloan School of Management found substantial differences in outcomes between kids who were incarcerated and those who were not sent to detention. Those who were incarcerated were much less likely to graduate from high school and much more likely to wind up in prison as adults. A Deterrent to Crime? One might think that it would be a logical conclusion that teens who commit crimes bad enough to be incarcerated for will naturally be more likely to drop out of school and wind up in adult prison, but the MIT study compared those juveniles with others who committed the same crimes but happened to draw a judge who was less likely to send them to detention. Approximately 130,000 juveniles are incarcerated in the United States each year with an estimated 70,000 of them in detention on any given day. The MIT researchers wanted to determine if jailing juvenile offenders actually deterred future crime or it disrupted the childs life in such a way that it increases the likelihood of future crime. In the juvenile justice system, there are judges who tend to hand out sentences that include incarceration and there are judges who tend to mete out punishment that doesnt include actual incarceration. In Chicago, juvenile cases are randomly assigned to judge with different sentencing tendencies. The researchers, using a database created by the Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago looked at cases in which judges had wide latitude in determining sentencing. More Likely to End Up in Prison The system of randomly assigning cases to judges with different approaches to sentencing set up a natural experiment for the researchers. They found that juveniles who were incarcerated were less likely to return to high school and graduate. The graduation rate was 13% lower for those who were jailed than offenders who were not incarcerated. They also found that those who were incarcerated were 23% more likely to end up in prison as adults and more likely to have committed a violent crime. Teen offenders, especially those around age 16, were not only less likely to graduate from high school if they had been incarcerated, but they were also less likely to return to school at all. Less Likely to Return to School The researchers found that incarceration proved to be so disruptive in the juveniles lives, many dont return to school afterward and those who do go back to school are much more likely to be classified as having an emotional or behavior disorder, compared with those who committed the very same crimes, but werent jailed. The kids who go to juvenile detention are very unlikely to go back to school at all, said MIT economist Joseph Doyle in a news release. Getting to know other kids in trouble may create social networks that might not be desirable. There could be a stigma attached to it, maybe you think youre particularly problematic, so that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. The authors want to see their research duplicated in other jurisdictions to see if the results hold up, but the conclusions of this one study seem to indicate that incarcerating juveniles does not act as a deterrent to crime, but actually has the opposite effect. Source: Aizer, A, et al. Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital, and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges. Quarterly Journal of Economics February 2015.

Mitchell Surname Meaning and Family History

Mitchell Surname Meaning and Family History The Mitchell surname is a common form or corruption of the given name Michael, meaning big or one who is like God. Mitchell is the 44th most popular surname in the United States and the 15th most common surname in Scotland. Mitchell is also popular in England, coming in as the 51st most common surname. Surname Origin:  Scottish, English, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MICHELL, MICHILL, MACMICHAEL, MACMICHELL, MECHEL, MEITCHEL, MICHISON, MICHIE, MITCHAL, MITCHEL, MICHELSON, MITCHELLSON, MITCHISON, MITCHOL, MITSCHAEL, MITSSCHAL, MITTCHEL, MYCHELL, MYTCHELL, MCMICHAEL, MICHEL Famous People with the MITCHELL  Surname Margaret Mitchell  -  American author, best known for her novel Gone With the WindArthur Mitchell  - first African American Democrat elected to Congress  Maria Mitchell  - first professional female astronomer in the United States; the comet she discovered in 1847 became known as Miss Mitchells CometWilliam Billy Mitchell  - American military aviation pioneer Where Is the MITCHELL Surname Most Common? Mitchell  is the 808th most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution data from  Forebears. It is most prevalent in the United States, where it ranks as the 46th most common last name, and is also common in countries such as England (51st), Australia (37th), Canada (49th), Scotland (23rd) and New Zealand (27th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicates the Mitchell surname is especially common in Scotland, as well as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the United States. Within Scotland, Mitchell is found in the greatest numbers in northern Scotland, including Moray, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Perth and Kinross, and Fife. There is also a greater percentage of Mitchells in East Ayrshire.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname MITCHELL Mitchell  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Mitchell family crest or coat of arms for the Mitchell surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? MITCHELL  DNA ProjectMore than  250 members with Mitchell roots in Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, France, Germany, Poland, Canada, and the United States,  have joined this project for the Mitchell surname to  work together to find their common heritage through DNA testing and sharing of information. MITCHELL Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Mitchell  ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Mitchell ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearch - MITCHELL GenealogyExplore over 7.2 million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Mitchell surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MITCHELL Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Mitchell surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. GeneaNet - Mitchell RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Mitchell surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Mitchell  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Mitchell surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Mitchell SurnameExplore over 15  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Mitchell surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com. Source Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Bacterial Culture Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bacterial Culture Techniques - Essay Example Bacteria have been often termed as being the primitive beings and are said to help with the nitrogen cycle. In a wider view if looked at bacteria are all those unicellular organisms that belong to the category of Schizomycetes they may have a difference in their requirements for oxygen and nutrients and have difference in morphology as well as have varying motility and be free-living. Bacteria are also known as prokaryotes in general and these are known to be grouped together as they all do not have nuclear membranes. The growing of cells in a synthetic environment is known as cell culture. That could very well refer to either types of cells be those prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Culture can also be called the in vitro growing of cells of either plants or animals in a nutrient artificial medium. In the process of cell culture the cells used are no longer in an organized tissue form rather they are separate and grown in a simulated environment. The materials that are necessary for culturing bacteria cells are (a) culture tubes that are made of glass and that have their own labels and metal covers. (b) Media room or customized growth medium for simulation. (c) Para Film is also needed and (d) Pipette tubes that are also made of glass. Other necessary equipment includes Bunsen burners, motorized pipettes and micropipettes along with sterile tips. The first step in culturing bacteria cells is to streak an Agar plate and then incubate that until there begins a growth in colonies. Some bacteria have a temperature sensitive mutation rate and there fore would require the incubators to be set at 30C however in the case of E.coli the desired temperature for incubation is 37C. In order to be certain that the beginning of this culture has been from a single population of cells streaking of the plate is necessary. It is not necessary that you use an Agar plate as they are only

Stem Cell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stem Cell - Research Paper Example The intentions of this study are stem cells, the cells found in multi-cellular organisms, both humans and animals. The cells have the ability to renew through miotic cell division where they differentiate into specialized cell types. The stem cell exists in two types, namely the embryonic stem cell and the adult stem cells. The cells have the ability to treat a wide range of diseases which has resulted in many technologies being employed to study their viability and effectiveness. The study of stem cells has become common due to the ability of the stem cells to perform several functions. This is due to the fact that the stem cells have the ability to specialize into any desired cell type. Genetic diseases have become a serious issue in the world today. It is therefore, important to understand how the genetic diseases occur and what can be done to remedy the situation. Genetic diseases caused by chromosomal anomalies’ can be rectified by using stem cells. This is due to the fac t that stem cells have differentiation and proliferation effects that can help in addressing the situation. Stem cell application is therefore important in the prevention and correction of the genetic diseases. Scientific research has shown that stem cells are important in the treatment of several types of diseases that people suffer from. Stem cells are mainly used in the treatment of diseases that require organ transplant. This is due to their ability to differentiate into cells that exhibit special characteristics. ... Stem cells are mainly used in the treatment of diseases that require organ transplant (Hayat, 2011). This is due to their ability to differentiate into cells that exhibit special characteristics (Klimanskaya, Chung, Becker, Lu & Lanza, 2006). Stem cells are currently being used to carry out cancer therapies for those who are diagnosed with the disease. Cell therapy in this case is carried out to replace the tissues affected by the disease with the stem cells. This has helped in the treatment of cancer of the breast and skin. The stem cell is also used in the treatment of brain and blood diseases, and in tissue and organ regeneration (Hayat, 2011). Understanding Human and Animal Development Human beings develop from stem cells. Stem cell study is important as it helps people in understanding how human beings and animals develop from conception to death (Viegas, 2003; Takahashi & Yamanaka, 2006). This is due to the fact that there are some diseases that affect humans as a result of abn ormal cell differentiation and proliferations. Due to this fact, abnormal stem cell division may cause certain diseases. Therefore, it is important to have a good understanding of stem cells will assist in the prevention of abnormal changes in the stem cells and assist in getting better treatment for diseases associated with poor stem cells such as cancer. Arguments against the Use of Stem Cells Ethical considerations Despite the many benefits of the stem cells, there are some cons associated with their application. The use of the embryonic stem cell goes against human dignity and right to life. This is because the embryos are considered to be living beings and should be left to develop uninhibited to become an adult. Human life is very valuable and should never be voluntarily destroyed

Comparing One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich and The Shawshank Redemption :: Comparison Compare Constrast Essays

One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich and The Shawshank Redemption A parent chooses the punishment to correct the child for his or her wrong. The child though is the person that decides whether the punishment will convict and transform him. The child has the power to choose how the punishment will affect them. In both the novel One Day In The Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn and the movie The Shawshank Redemption (1994), punishment is given to a person who did not deserve it. Both Ivan Denisovich Shuhkov and Andy Dufresne are found guilty of a crime they did not commit. The prison tries to punish Shuhkov and Dufresne. However, Shuhkov and Dufresne were able to surmount the prison's attempts. Through their mind they were able to weather the guards' futile attempts at breaking them down. In the Russian GULAG (Chief Administration of Correctional Labor Camps), Shuhkov was treated in comparison to an animal. He was fed little and worked hard. The GULAG system did not want the prisoner to have a higher thinking, or purpose. Shuhkov tells the reader, "Yes you live with your feet in the mud and there's no time to be thinking about how you got in or how you're going to get out" (Solz 55). A few prisoners were able to overcome the labor camp's control; Shuhkov and Aloysha the Baptist were two. Shuhkov, a concrete thinker used tangible items to survive the harshness of the GULAG. Aloysha the Baptist, on the other hand, is an abstract thinker. He used his religion to reduce the bitterness of camp. Shuhkov knows little of science or textbook education. For example in his discussion with Buinovsky about the moon, Shuhkov shows he knows very little about astrology, but he knows how to use every resource possible. He says, "'God crumbles up the moon into stars'"(Solz 90). In this passage Shuhkov shows his nature to not waste anything. Shuhkov used everyday to the fullest. All that was thought about was that day, no past and no future. He was supposed to be being punished for military actions. The only thing being punished was his body. His mind was his key to survival of the punishment.

Ethical Actions Essay

Was there anything in either the University Of Phoenix Student Code Of Conduct or the Student Code of Academic Integrity that surprised you? If so, what was it? Why were you surprised? If not, why not? There was nothing that surprised me about the University Of Phoenix Student Code Of Conduct or the Student Code of Academic Integrity. I feel that it is important to have rules and regulations that are enforced to keep the faculty staff and students safe and also provide us with a safe environment to learn. By insuring that these rules are enforced and imposing strict penalties for those that do not comply with these rules the University of Phoenix sets an example of fairness and equality. What did you learn about the behaviors considered important for an ethical learner or student in the University of Phoenix learning community? I learned that the behaviors considered important for an ethical learner or student in the University of Phoenix learning community is that being honest truly is the best policy; being truthful within ourselves and with each other is an important ethical mission; that a disruptive learning environment can make people uncomfortable and hinder our academics. Our different cultures and individualities should not become a factor in how we treat and/or respect each other. Rules are put in place at the University to assure us that we are able to fully become involved in the learning process. Being open-minded and listening to what others have to say is also an important aspect of respect. I learned that the ethical learners behavior deals with us being honest and as well as our character and how we present it to the world. Our behavior as an ethical learner also deals with our values and actions that we show every day.

I Am Becoming A Mechanical Engineer - 763 Words

Everybody has different goals, objectives, and dreams they want to come true. I am really interested in engineering, and I decided to be a Mechanical engineer. My passion is to invent, to create new things, and to make devices that make life for many individuals easier and more comfortable. All of my interests led me to choose engineering as my career. I was the kid that always loved math and science classes. However, my love remained in Mathematics. Now, after taking the challenge and difficulty of a course like Calculus III, required for my bachelor s degree, I am sure I want to do engineering. I was born on November 1994 in the city of Los Angeles, California. I lived in the State of Nevada, in Las Vegas, at the age of eight for one and a half years. When my little sister was born my family and I moved to Chihuahua Mexico. Having the experience of living in two countries has expanded my perception of social and economic levels and has given me more knowledge leading me to choose e ngineering. I am the first one in my family to attend college. This led to my focus on deciding what to do after I graduated from high school. My parents graduated from high school and went directly to the workforce, so even when they put lots of effort to guide me they could not. Even with advice from teachers it was difficult to determine the best career and college degree to purse. I needed to guide myself, so I had to sit down and analyze deeply my options. I lacked the financial supportShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose for an Education in Mechanical Engineering1247 Words   |  5 PagesEngineering student. This will help me become a better engineering student and In this report I will discuss my goals and plans to become a better engineering student. My goal is to earn a bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering and then find a career as a mechanical engineer. In order to achieve my goals I will have to have a plan and then work hard to stay on track in order to be successful engineeri ng student. I will also have to continuously revaluate and update my plans and goals every quarter andRead MoreMy Personal Goal of Becoming a Mechanical Engineer1288 Words   |  5 PagesAdmission Essay I have literally known what I want to be since I was a toddler. Of course, as a three-year old putting together Legos, I could not have verbalized that I want to be a mechanical engineer. However, it was at that time that I began to develop and use the skills that I will need for my desired career. I began to consider how parts went together and the different components necessary to build and sustain various systems. Part of the inspiration was the simple fun that I had while puttingRead MoreHow I Become A Mechanical Engineer958 Words   |  4 Pagescareer I have chosen was mechanical engineer. I choose this career because it contributes to many things and it has an essential role of shaping the future. I also choose this career because I have a interested in cars, video games, and other things of entertainment that are inspired by mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineers have a lot to do with the machines in your home like the refrigerator, thermostat, or your T.V . and many other things. I want to make machines as I will doRead MoreThe Physics Of Mechanical Engineering924 Words   |  4 Pagesvaluable machines? Yes, I was that kid who would play with machines and take everything apart then put it back together. Being able to take a machine apart and rebuild it back together is like a feeling that you have accomplished a goal even though you just put the parts in the same place where they were before. How do planes fly in the sky? How do cars accelerate? I chose the major mechanical engineering to answer all these previous scientific questions. The definition of mechanical engineering is theRead MoreMy Dream To Become An Electrical Engineer1301 Words   |  6 Pagesan electrical engineer one day because I find interest in circuits and building electronic devices. When I was a young boy my dream not to be an electric engineer but something more along the lines of being a cook; however, that dream was short lived because my interest of being able to cook changed over as I got older and became interested in electronics. The way electronics work is simply amusing to me because I could not understand how the devices were operating, and honestly I still may not understandRead MorePersonal Statement : Mechanical Engineering Degree1324 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology, I will be getting my major in mechanical engineering. With a mechanical engineering degree, I hope to someday qualify to become a professional engineer and work at a company like Boeing to design different parts used in planes, trains, and automobiles. I am content with my decision to major in mechanical engineering and feel like it is a good fit for me because it coincides with my many interests, abilities, and personality. My development of interest for wanting to become an engineer startedRead MoreA College Student And The Son Of A Mechanical Engineer1431 Words   |  6 Pages Being a freshman college student and the son of a mechanical engineer, I get to see, in depth, what the life of an engineer consists of. I’ve seen how my dad travels all over Europe every month for business meetings, where he checks in and out of the most luxurious hotels and drives around BMW and Mercedes-Benz rental cars, then spends any free time sightseeing in Paris, Rome, Greece, and many other places all over Europe—all paid for by his company. When he returns home after a week or two in EuropeRead MoreBecoming A Professional Engineer : Texas A M And M. M1493 Words   |  6 PagesIn high school, I started playing football and I was literally the weakest and one of the worst players on my team. Instead of not believing in myself and quitting football, I tenaciously, toiled every day for three years until I improved my strengths and weaknesses as a player. Eventually those around me took notice of my massive improvement and I have since applied this unique aspect of myself into everything that I pursue. With the intent of becoming a Professional Engineer, I would like to transferRead MoreWhat I Did You Make It Do That?882 Words   |  4 Pagesemergency landing, and I ran to repair the aircraft. Looking at the blueprint I drew up, I adjusted the weight mechanisms, and realigned the wings. It took off again, performing victory acrobatics for the onlookers. â€Å"Tyree, you should be an engineer.† â€Å"You have great hands, you will make a great factory worker.† I looked down at my hands, which held the bridge that granted me acceptance into a pre-engineering high school. The likelihood of achieving my goals increased. I thought my adviser wouldRead MoreMy Life Of Becoming A Doctor1098 Words   |  5 Pageslives and are happy go lucky. As for myself, I do not have any particular ambition in my life, I don’t have any desire to be the richest man in the world nor do I dream of becoming a doctor. The sole purpose of my life is to live a life of simplicity and devote my time making our world a better place for humanity. My parents have always taught me when it comes to deciding my career; I should always choose a career that interests me. Based on these beliefs, I think my experiences in the past best reflects